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'(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. HOLLERITH.

MACHINE FOR OOMPILING 0R TABULATING STATISTICS. No. 526,129. PatentedSep 18 1894.

rgyww (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. HOLLERITH. MACHINE FOR OOMPILING OR TABULATING STATISTICS. No.526,129.

Patented Sept. 18, 1894.

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H. HOLLERITH.

MACHINE FOR GOMIILING 0R TABULATING STATISTICS;

No. 526,129. Patented Sept. 18, 1894.

EQEEEEEQQW UNITED PATENTS OFFIcmz HERMAN I-IOLLERITH, OF WASI INGTODISTRICT or COLUMBIA.

MACHINE FOR comrltme a TABULATING sIAIIsTIts.

srncrmcn'rroiv forming part of Letters Patent 526,129, at September 18,189 4.

I pp i n filed December-22, 1392. Serial No. 456,066. (No model.) v

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMAN HOLLERITH, o

NVashingtomin' the District of .Columbia, have invented-certain new anduseful Im-. provements in Machines for Compiling or TabulatingStatistics; and Ido hereby'declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification, and to theletters of reference marked thereon.

On the 8th day of January, 1889, I'obtained Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, No. 395,781, for certain improvements iil the art of compilingstatistics, .saidimprovements involving, among other things, the use ofpins corresponding in number and arrangement to contacts in the bedplate and adapted to pass through the perforations in the cards orstrips registering with them and to make connection with the bed platecontacts; a series of electro mechanical counters and a series ofelectro-mechanically operated sorting boxes connected to the aforesaidsystem of electric circuits and adapted to count and to facilitate thedistribution of the cards acted upon by thecircuit closing device.Subsequently, to wit, on or about the 20th of August, 1892, I filed inthe United States Patent Oflice an application forpatent (Serial No.443,652), covering an adaptation or modifi cation of my aforesaidoriginal invention in which adaptation or modification the cards orstrips were caused to control pneumatic or other fluid pressureapparatus in such manner as to actuate suitable counters, sorting bones,he, by fiuid pressure, without the use of any, electrical applianceswhatever. I have found that the best features of both the formerapparatuses can be practically and successfully combined and embodied ina single improved apparatus, and this improved apparatus I will nowproceed to describe.

"'In theaccompanying drawings: Figure 1,

represents aside elevation (partly in section) of my said improvedapparatus; Fig. 2,. a top plan view of the movable platen; Fig.3, 'a

front elevation of the same. Fig. 4, is' a; top

plan view of thebed plate.

top plan view, and across sectional view of Fig. 5, is a. plan -view ofone of the record cards; and Figs. 6,

multiple contact device.. Fig 9 is a view of -a modification in which anumber of circuit closers are operated from a single air tube. Similarletters of reference in the several figures indicate the same parts.

A indicates one of the record cards used in my system,'the same beingmade, preferably,

of'paper and divided or marked off into spaces perforations as may bepunched in said card.

spaces. vTo aid the operatorin'properly positioning the cards upon thebed plate',' the latter is provided with stops or projection-s S, (seeFig. 4) so located that when the rear edge and the left hand end or edgeof the card are brought up against them, the holes in the card willproperly register with the appropri= ate corresponding ducts or passagesin the platen and bed plate respectively and thus insure the properworking of the machine.v The ducts or passages c, in the platen allcommu'nicate with-a common air chamber 0, which in turn communicates,through a'passage 0 valve chaufbehc and flexible tube T, with areservoir D in which a supply of compressed air is constantlymaintained. The platen is preferably swung upon links F, G to insure itseven descent upon the bed plate and the outer end of the link F isprovided with an operating handle F, while its inner end has connectedto it a spring F whose function is to keep" the platen normallyelevated.

IOC

is a downwardly seating spring p essed valve arranged within valvechamber 0 and having a stem 0 which extendsdown ward, as shown. Thisvalve is intended tobe automatically raised to admit air to the chamber0, when a record card is properly placed upon the bed plate and theplaten is bsoug'ht down upon the card, but. it is not intended to bedisturbed when an improperly positioned card is upon the bed plate. Themechanism for thus controlling the valve I will now describe. Upon theplaten are arranged two bell crank levers 0' 0 one at the side and theother at the end of the platen. Each of these levers is pivoted at itsangle, as shown at o, and its tower'arm is provided with a .slottedfinger O which is guided by a pin O and is kept normally pressed down bya light spring was to project the finger 0 below the lower edgeorface ofthe platen, as shown; while its upper arm is preferably reduced andenters a slot 0 or 0".in the end of a pivoted lever O or 0 arranged onthe top of the-platen. The top lever O is pivoted at p taco-operate withthe side lever 0', while the top lever 0 is pivoted at p and co-operateswith the end lever 0 hen-these several lovers are all in their normalpositions as shown in Figs. 2 and 3lthe free end of the top lever Of'overlaps the free end of the top lever O at a point immediately beneaththe stem 0 -01? the valve 0 and, if, while this po sitionof the leversis maintained, the platen isbrought down upon a properly positionedrecord card resting upon the bed plate, the downwardly projectingfingers of the levers O 0? will enter suitable slots or recesses U, U(Fig. 4) in the bed plateprovid'ed for their reception and the ends ofthe overlapped levers O 0 will strike a stationary projection H;.(consisting preferably of an adjustable screw shown in Fig. 1) justbefore the platen reaches the limit of its downwardmovement and will beraised or sprung up by said stationary projection sufficiently to causethem to bear upward against the valve stem 0 and lift the valveic fromitsseat, thereby permit-' ting the passage of compressed air into theducts or passages of the platen, thence down through the perforations inthe record card and finally into the corresponding'ducts or passages inthe bed plate. Should, however,

the record card, through the carelessness of the operator, have beenimproperly placed upon the bed plate, that is to say, so as to leave itprojecting either out at the front side -or at the right end, or at boththese points,

such projecting portionswill arrest and raise one or both of the fingers0? upon the descent of the platen and cause one or both of the levers O"O to be'tilted and one or both of the top levers O" O to be turned so asto throw.

the attendant who will at once properly adjust the cardand proceed withhis work.

The levers 0, 0 ,0", and O together with the stationary projection H,constitute what may quired to be used with a given series of punchedcards, are closed by means of conical plugs I, such as shown in Fig. 1,while in each of such ducts or passages as are tobe used is inserted ahollow plug J which is connected by asuitable flexible tube J to anelectric circuit closing device consisting preferably of a two-partcasingK K, a flexible diaphragm K clamped at its edges between the twoparts of said casing, and spring contact arms K, K, whose fixed ends,aresecured to the part K of the casing,but whose free ends 70 k areoverlapped and stand in such relation to the middle of the diaphragm asthat when pressure is brought to bear upon the inner surface of thediaphragm, as by the flow of compressed air into the tube J, said freeends will be forced together, thus completing an electric circuit L ofwhich said contact arms form parts and operating an electromechanicalcounter L interposed in said circuit. thus indicating upon the dial ofthe counter the fact that the particularstatistical item of the carddesignated by the perforation that has admitted air to thatparticularcuit closing device operate to close a series 'of circuitsinstead of asinglecircuit asshown in Fig. 1, and to accomplish this Imake use of a multiple contact arrangement, such as shown in Figs. 6, 7,and 8, the same consistnumber of contact strips N &c., which are adaptedto cooperate with aseries of pairs of spring contacts N, N, interposedin the several circuits to be manipulated. This bar N is connected atone end to apin or projection secured to the diaphragm N and its outerend bearing the contact strips is caused to rise or fall accordingly assaid pressure is applied to or withdrawn from the diaphragm, as will bereadily understood. Thesame result' canbe effected by connecting anumber of the single circuit closing devices to one air tube, as shownin Fig. 9. Of course it is understood that where the multiple contactarrangement shown in Figs. 6, 7, andS is used -ing of a bar N pivoted atN and bearing a to be used in substitution for the diaphragm Kiand'itscasing of Fig; 1.

- Where it is desired to sort the cards into groups so that the lattermay be agaimpassed through the machine and counted, it is only necessarythat the circuit closer connected to the tube which makes connectionwith the duct or passage in the bed plate registering with suchgroup-perforation in the cards be interposed in a circuit whoseoperating magnet instead of actuating the prime mover of a counter isarranged to operate the lid of one of the sorting boxes used in mysystem. This is also illustrated in Fig. 1, where M indicates theparticular operating magnet referred to M a pivoted arm or catch adaptedto be attracted by the magnet when the circuit is closed M an armconnected to the lid M of a sorting box M and normally engaged by thearm or catch M and M a spring adapted to throw up the lid M when the armor catch M is released by the closing of the circuit. I

The raising of a sorting box lid not only uncoversa receptacle in whichto place each card as it is removed from the press, but visuallyindicates to the operator just where such receptacle is. Ido not,however,broadly claim herein the use of the sorting boxes as they aremade the subject of claims in my former patent and application hereinabove referred to.

By this-improved apparatus I am enabled to gain the advantage of havingthe perforated cards co-operate with a fluid pressure apparatus insteadof with an electric circuit closer and its many contacts as in my formerpatent and, at the same time, I am enabled to connect up and operate mycounters and sorting boxes electrically, which efliects a very materialsaving in point of space as well as in cost of plant, since wires can berun and connected up more economically and more compactly than air tubesas proposed in my former pending application.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is- 1. In asystem, such as described, the combination with record cards or stripsprovided with perforations representing items or characteristics of theindividual or unit, of a fluid pressure controlling apparatus havingducts or passages leading therefrom,a circuit closer connected to one ofsaid ducts or passages and operated by pressure therein, an electriccircuit controlled by said circuitcloser, and an electro-mechanicalcounter operated from said electric circuit; substantially as described.

2. In a system, such as described, the cornbination with record cards orstrips provided with perforations representing items or characteristicsof the individual or unit, of a fluid pressure apparatus having ducts orpassages leading therefrom, a series of circuit closers connected to andoperated by pressure therein, a series of electric circuits controlledby said circuitolosers,and'a series of electromechanical countersoperated from said electric circuits; substantially as described.

3. In a system, such as described, the combination with separate recordcards provided with perforations rep resenting items or characteristicsof the individual or unit, a' fluid pressure apparatus having ducts orpassages leading therefrom,a series ofcircuit closers connected to saidducts or passages and operated by pressure therein, a' seriesof electriccircuits controlled by said circuit closers,'and'a series of sortingboxes and electro mechanical devices for operating the same from saidelectric circuits; substantially as described.

4. Ida system, such as described, the combination with a record cardhaving perforations and the fluid pressure controlling apparatus havingducts or passages leading therefrom, as described, of an electriccircuit, and electro mechanical devices operated therefrom, and acircuit closer consisting of a chamber provided with a diaphragm-exposedto fluid pressure from one of said ducts or passages and contactsconstituting the terminals of the electric circuit closed and opened bythe movements of said diaphragm, as set forth.

5. The combination with a record card having perforations, as described,of cooperating plates or surfaces between which the record card isplaced, ducts orj passages opening at said plates or surfaces andadapted'to coopperate with the perforations in the card,a source offluid pressure,a fiuidpressure controlling valve, and a valve actuatorrendered inoperative when the record card is misplaced; substantially asdescribed.

6. The combination of the platen with its air passages and valve, thebed plate, and a valve actuator arranged. to be thrown out of operativeposition by an improperly positioned record card; substantially asdescribed.

7. The combination of the platen with its air passages and valve, thebed plate, and a movable valve actuator having one of its membersarranged in a plane intersected by a misplaced card; substantially asdescribed.

8. The combination of the platen with its air passages and valve, thebed plate and a movable valve actuator having members projecting inplanes intersected by the end or side of a misplaced record card;substantially as described. Y

9. The combination of the platen with its air passages and valve, thebed plate,a valve actuator having its movable members carried by thepiaten,-0ne of said members projectin g in a plane intersected by amisplaced r c0rd card; substantially as described.

10. The combination of the platen with its a r passages and valve, thebed plate, a valve actuator having its movable members carried theplaten and having one of said members projected beyond the edge orfaceof the platen at the side of the latter so as to strike any card thatprojects sidewise from its proper place on the bed plate; substantiallyas described.

11. The combination of the platen ivithits air passages and valve, thebed plate, a valve actuator having its movable member carried by theplaten a portion of said movable member projecting beyond the lower edgeor face of the platen at both side and end; substantially as described.

12. The combination of the platen with its I air passages and valve, thebed plate, the j pivoted top lovers, the cooperating pivoted side andend levers and theirsprings and the fixed projection; substantially asdescribed.

HERMAN HOLLERITH.

Witnesses: i

RODUES S. VEDDER, J. EDWIN WILSON.

